CHƯƠNG MỘT [1] Thông tin về các sự kiện vào ngày 28 tháng 12 năm 1598 đến từ Melissa D. Aaron, “The Globe and Henry V as Business Document,” SEL: Studies in English Literature 1500-1900: 40.2 (2000) 277-92; Vin Nardizzi, “Shakespeare’s Globe and Englands Woods,” Shakespeare Studies 39 (2011): 54-63; James Shapiro, A Year in the Life of William Shakespeare: 1599. New York: Harper Perennial, 2006, 1-42; Charles William Wallace, “The First London Theatre: Materials for a History,” University Studies 13, nos. 1, 2, 3 (1913): 1-35ff. passim. [2] J. R. Mulryne và Margaret Shewring, eds. Shakespeare’s Globe Rebuilt (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), 190. [3] Charles w. Eliot, ed. The Harvard Classics, vol. 35, Chronicle and Romance: Froissart, Malory, Holinshed (New York: P. F. Collier & Son, 1938), 293. [4] Michael W. Flinn, “Timber and the advance of technology: A reconsideration,” Annals of Science, 15:2, 110-11; John U. Nef, The Rise of the British Coal Industry, vol. 1 (London: Routledge, 1966), 158. [5] Eric Rutkow, American Canopy: Trees, Forests, and the Making of a Nation (New York: Scribner, 2013), 12. [6] Flinn (1959), 110, 4n. [7] Robert Greenhalgh Albion, The Timber Problem of the Royal Navy, 1652-1862 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1926), 4. [8] Ibid., 28. [9] The Diary of Samuel Pepys, Chủ nhật, ngày 5 tháng 5 năm 1667. www.pepysdiary.com. [10] Albion, Timber Problem of Royal Navy, 116-17. [11] Ibid., 118-19.
[12] Daniel Neal, The History of New England, vol. 2 (London: A. Ward, 1747), 213 (đã hiện đại hóa ngôn ngữ). [13] Albion, Timber Problem of Royal Navy, 121. [14] Arthur Standish, The Commons Complaint (London: William Stansby, 1611), 1. [15] Eliot, Chronicle and Romance, 319-20. [16] Nef, Rise of British Coal, vol. 1, 156. [17] Samuel Smiles, Industrial Biography: Iron Workers and Tool Makers (Boston: Ticknor and Fields, 1864), 59n. [18] Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Former Age,” dòng 27-30. [19] Georgius Agricola, De re Metallica, trans. Herbert Hoover và Lou Henry Hoover (1556; repr., New York: Dover, 1950), 7. [20] John Milton, Paradise Lost, bk. 1, dòng 670-88. [21] Galloway, A History of Coal Mining in Great Britain(London: Macmillan, 1882), 23. [22] Nef, Rise of British Coal, 25. [23] Peter Brimblecombe, The Big Smoke: A History of Air Pollution in London Since Medieval Times (London: Methuen, 1987), 66, bảng 4.1. [24] “Historical Overview of London Population.” http://www.londononline.co.uk/factfile/historical/. [25] Benita Cullingford, British Chimney Sweeps: Five Centuries of Chimney Sweeping (Hove, UK: Book Guild, 2000), 9. [26] Artificiall Fire, or, Coale for Rich and Poore: Early English Books Online, Wing (2nd ed.) G623, British Library.
[27] Nef, Rise of British Coal, vol. 1,21, bảng 2. [28] John Evelyn, A Character of England (London: Joseph Crooke, 1659), 29-30. Early English Books Online. [29] John Evelyn, Fumifugium: or, the Inconvenience oftheAer, and Srnoake of London Dissipated (London: in bởi W. Godbid, cho Gabriel Bedel và Thomas Collins, 1661; in lại cho B. White, 1672), 1-2. [30] Ibid., 3. [31] Ibid., 13. [32] Ibid., 17. [33] Ibid., 19-20. [34] Ibid., 24-25. [35] Ibid., 36. [36] Ibid., 37. [37] Ibid., 47. [38] Ibid., 48-49.
CHƯƠNG HAI [1] John Holland, The History and Description of Fossil Fuel, the Colleries, and Coal Trade of Great Britain, 2nd ed. (London: Whittaker, 1841), 178. [2] John Hatcher, The History of the British Coal Industry,vol. 1, Before 1700: Towards the Age of Coal (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993), 196-97. [3] Dr. Martin Lister, Fell. Coll. Phys. & R. s. với thông tin từ Mr. Maleverer, thuộc Arncliffe Ở Yorkshire. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 21(1699): 73-78. [4] Robert Galloway, Annals of Coal Mining and the Coal Trade: The Invention of the Steam Engine and the Origin of the Railway (London: Colliery Guardian, 1898), 56. [5] Testimonies Gathered by Ashleys Mines Commission.WWW. victorianweb.org. [6] Galloway, Annals of Coal Mining, 160. [7] Ibid., 214. [8] Ibid., 220. [9] Ibid., 221. [10] Ibid., 222. [11] Ibid., 157. [12] Boyle (1660), 5. [13] Ibid., 22. [14] Gerrit Tierie, “Cornells Drebbel (1572-1633)” (PhD diss., Leiden University, 1982), 17 (online).
[15] Tierie, “Cornells Drebbel,” 32-33. [16] Tierie, “Cornells Drebbel,” 28. [17] Xem trao đổi trong Ibid., 70. [18] Ibid., 72. [19] C. D. Andriesse, Huygens: The Man Behind the Principle,trans. Sally Miedema (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005), 229. [20] Phillip Valenti, “Leibniz, Papin, and the Steam Engine: A Case Study of British Sabotage of Science,” American Almanac online, 1996, n.p. [21] Antognazza (2009), 141. [22] Andriesse, Huygens: Man Behind the Principle, 278. [23] Valenti, “Leibniz, Papin, and the Steam Engine,” 3. [24] Trích và minh họa từ Ibid., 6. [25] Steven Shapin, “The Invisible Technician,” American Scientist 77, no. 6 (1989): 554-63. [26] Denis Papin, “A New Method of Obtaining Very Great Moving Powers at Small Cost,” in lại với bản dịch của James Patrick Muirhead, The Life of James Watt, with Selections from His Correspondence (New York: D. Appleton, 1859), 136-42, q.v. (1690), 105-6. [27] Ibid., 108-9 (tran. ed.). [28] Sigvard Strandh, A History of the Machine (New York: A&w, 1979), 115. [29] Valenti, “Leibniz, Papin, and the Steam Engine,” 10. [30] Ibid.
[31] Papin, “A New Method of Obtaining,” trong Muirhead,The Life of James Watt, 106. [32] Valenti, “Leibniz, Papin, and the Steam Engine,” 10. [33] Recueil de diverses Pieces touchant quelques nouvelles Machines, &c. Par Mr. D. Papin, Dr. en., Med. &c. A Cassel, 1695. [34] Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 19 (1695-1697): 481. [35] Valenti, “Leibniz, Papin, and the Steam Engine,” 11. [36] Thomas Savery, The Miner’s Friend; or, An Engine to Raise Water by Fire, Described. And of the Manner of Fixing It in Mines; With an Account of the Several Other Uses It is Applicable Unto; and an Answer to the Objections Made Against It (London: S. Crouch, 1702), A4.
CHƯƠNG BA [1] Bernard Forest de Belidor, Architecture hydraulique, ou L’art de Conduire, d’Élever et de Ménager les Eaux, vol. 2 (Paris: Chez L. Cellot, 1782), 309. [2] Papin nhận ra: khi ông viết cho Leibniz vào ngày 23 tháng 7 năm 1705: xem bản dịch, Valenti, “Leibniz, Papin, and the Steam Engine,” 14. [3] Landes (1969), 101. [4] Valenti, “Leibniz, Papin, and the Steam Engine, 19 (chữ in nghiêng của tôi). [5] H. w. Robinson, “Denis Papin (1647—1712),” Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London 5, no. 1 (October 1947): 49. [6] Rhys Jenkins, “The Heat Engine Idea in the Seventeenth Century: A Contribution to the History of the Steam Engine,” Transactions of the Newcomen Society 17 (1937): 9. [7] Robinson, “Denis Papin,” 49. [8] Richard L. Hills, Power from Steam: A History of the Stationary Steam Engine (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989), 16. [9] Ibid.; Savery, Miner’s Friend. [10] Rhys Jenkins, “Savery, Newcomen and the Early History of the Steam Engine,” pt. 2, Transactions of the Newcomen Society 4, no. 1 (1923): 116. [11] Tòa nhà York, “Queen Annes Palace”: Hills, Power from Steam, 16. [12] Galloway, Annals of Coal Mining, 198. [13] L. T. C. Rolt, Thomas Newcomen: The Prehistory of the Steam Engine (Dawlish, UK: David and Charles, 1963), 39.
[14] Galloway, Annals of Coal Mining, 175. [15] Rolt, Thomas Newcomen, 42-48. [16] Are Waerland, “Marten Triewald and the First Steam Engine in Sweden,” Transactions of the Newcomen Society 7, no. 1 (1926): 24ff. [17] Rolt, Thomas Newcomen, 51. [18] Robert H. Thurston, A History of the Growth of the Steam-Engine, 2nd rev. ed. (New York: D. Appleton, 1884), 60. [19] Hills, Power from Steamy 25. [20] Dorothy Wordsworth, Journals of Dorothy Wordsworthybiên soạn. William Knight, vol. 1 (London: Macmillan, 1904), 177. [21] Jenkins, “Savery, Newcomen,” pt. 2., 119. [22] Galloway, Annals of Coal Mining, 238-39; Jenkins, “Savery, Newcomen,” pt. 2., 119; John s. Allen, “Thomas Newcomen,” DNB online, 4. [23] Anthony Burton, Richard Trevithick: Giant of Steam (London: Aurum Press, 2000), 9. [24] Galloway, Annals of Coal Miningy 241. Galloway lấy ví dụ về mỏ Griff ở Warwickshire. [25] Ibid., 241. [26] Ibid. [27] John S. Allen, “The Introduction of the Newcomen Engine, 1710- 1733: Second Addendum,” Transactions of the Newcomen Society 45 (1972): 223. [28] Harry Kitsikopoulos, “The Diffusion of Newcomen Engines, 1706- 73: A Reassessment,” Economic History Association online, 2013, 9.
[29] Galloway, Annals of Coal Miningy 151. [30] Ba nghĩa vụ cổ xưa - trinoda necessitas: Sidney Webb và Beatrice Webb, English Local Government: The Story of the King’s Highway (London: Longmans, Green, 1913), 5. [31] Fyne Morrisons Itinerary or Ten Years Travel throughout Great Britain and other Parts of Europe (1617), trích từ EzraM. Stratton, The World on Wheels; or, Carriages, with Their Historical Associations from the Earliest to the Present Time (New York: được xuất bản bởi tác giả, 1878), 272. [32] Webb và Webb, English Local Government, 68. [33] Galloway, Annals of Coal Mining) 156. [34] Charles E. Lee, The Evolution of Railways, tái bản lần 2. (London: Railway Gazette, 1943), 29. [35] Galloway, Annals of Coal Mining, 169. [36] M. J. T. Lewis, Early Wooden Railways (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1970), 86. [37] John Taylor (1623), The World runnes on Wheeles; or, Oddes betwixt Carts and Coaches (London: Henry Gosson), trích từ Stratton, The World on Wheels, 278. [38] Nef, Rise of British Coal) 28. [39] Joe Earp, “Huntingdon Beaumont and Britain’s First Railway,” đội bí mật của Nottingham (online), sửa đổi lần cuối ngày 3 tháng 9 năm 2012. [40] Galloway, Annals of Coal Mining, 224. [41] Lee, Evolution of Railways, 65.
[42] Ibid., 28. [43] Galloway, Annals of Coal Mining, 250. [44] Ibid., 249. [45] E. A. Wrigley, Energy and the English Industrial Revolution (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010), 16. [46] Emyr Thomas, Coalbrookdale and the Darby Family: The Story of the World’s First Industrial Dynasty (York, UK: Sessions Book Trust, 1999), 4-5. [47] Ibid., 13. [48] Ibid., 44. [49] Galloway, Annals of Coal Mining, 259. [50] Thomas, Coalbrookdale and the Darby Family, 28. [51] Lee, Evolution of Railways, 57. [52] Thomas, Coalbrookdale and the Darby Family, 28. [53] Galloway, Annals of Coal Mining, 248. [54] Thomas, Coalbrookdale and the Darby Family, 35. [55] Galloway, Annals of Coal Mining, 259. [56] Ibid., 245.
CHƯƠNG BỐN [1] David Clarke, Reflections on the Astronomy of Glasgow: A Story of Some Five Hundred Years (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2013), 57. [2] Trong khả năng nghiên cứu của tôi, George Muirheid (1715-1773) là một bà con của mẹ Watt, Agnes, neé Muirheid. [3] Jennifer Tann, “James Watt,” DNB online, 2. [4] Hills, Power from Steam, 57. [5] Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 38 (1733): 303. [6] Hills, Power from Steam, 64. [7] Clarke, Reflections on the Astronomy of Glasgow, 58. [8] Eric Robinson và A. E. Musson, James Watt and the Steam Revolution: A Documentary History (New York: Augustus M. Kelley, 1969), 24. [9] Muirhead, Life of James Watt, 48. [10] Ibid., 46. [11] George Williamson, Memorials of the Lineage, Early Life, Education, and Development of the Genius of James Watt(Greenock, Scot.: In riêng cho câu lạc bộ Watt, 1856), 162. [12] William Rosen, The Most Poweiful Idea in the World: A Story of Steam, Industry & Invention (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010), 97n. [13] Clarke, Reflections on the Astronomy of Glasgow, 58.
[14] Eric Robinson và Douglas McKie, Partners in Science: Letters of James Watt and Joseph Black (London: Constable, 1970), 411. [15] Muirhead, Life of James Watty 59. [16] Ibid. [17] Ibid., 59-60. [18] Ibid. [19] Muirhead, Life of James Watty 60. [20] Robinson và McKie, Partners in Science, 431. [21] Jones (2014), 197. [22] Robinson và McKie, Partners in Science, 434. [23] Muirhead, Life of James Watty 37. [24] Ibid., 33. [25] Hills (2002), vol. 1, 13. [26] Muirhead, Life of James Watty 52. [27] Ibid., 63-64. [28] Joseph Black, Lectures on the Elements of Chemistry: Delivered at the University of Edinburgh, ed., John Robison, vol. 1 (Philadelphia: Mathew Carey, 1807), 150. [29] Black, Lectures, vol. 1, 151. [30] Muirhead, Life of James Watty 64. [31] Jones (2014), 203.
[32] Hills (2002), 340. Watt đã viết một lá thư cho một người bạn mô tả ý tưởng về một bình ngưng rời vào ngày 29 tháng 4 nám 1765. [33] Muirhead, Life of James Watty 67. [34] Ibid., 74. Nguyên văn in nghiêng. [35] Ibid., 52-53. Muirhead đã “tiếp nước nóng tùy ý”, không phải là cách làm hợp lý. [36] Ibid., 53. [37] Ibid., 54. [38] Ibid., 67. [39] Boulton phản hồi Watt, ngày 7 tháng 2 năm 1769, trích từ Robinson và Musson, James Watt and the Steam Revolution, 62. [40] Wrigley, Energy and the English Industrial Revolution,38. [41] Dublin Weekly Journal, ngày 9 tháng 8 năm 1729. In lại trong The Works of Jonathan Swift, ed. Walter Scott. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, vol. VII, p. 217. [42] John Farey, A Treatise on the Steam Engine, Historical, Practical, and Descriptive (London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green, 1827), 444n. [43] Galloway, Annals of Coal Mining, 301. [44] Frank Dawson, John Wilkinson: King of the Ironmasters,ed. David Lake (Stroud, UK: History Press, 2012), 67. [45] Smiles, Industrial Biography, 128. [46] L. F. Loree, “The First Steam Engine of America.”Transactions of the Newcomen Society 10 (1931): 21; John Fitch: Shagena, Jack L. Who
Really Invented the Steamboat? Fultons Clermont Coup (Amherst, NY: Humanity Books, 2004), 171 ff.
CHƯƠNG NĂM [1] Francis Espinasse, Lancashire Worthies (London: Simpkin, Marshall, 1874), 272. [2] Risking Gibraltar: Rolt (1963), 29. [3] Glen Atkinson, “The Bridgewaters Beginning” trong “Bridgewater 250: The Archeology of the World s First Industrial Canal,” University of Salford Applied Archaeology Series 1, biên tập. Michael Nevell and Terry Wyke (Manchester, UK: Trung tâm Khảo cổ học ứng dụng, Đại học Salford, 2012). [4] Glen Atkinson, “Bartons Aqueducts,” in Ibid. [5] Atkinson, Ibid., 78. [6] Cyril T. G. Boucher, James Brindley, Engineer, 1716- 1772(Norwich, UK: Goose and Son, 1968), 51-52. [7] Nevell và Wyke, “Bridgwater 250”, 7. Boucher, James Brindley, 63, dài bốn mươi sáu dặm. [8] Nevell và Wyke, “Bridgewater 250,” 4. [9] Charles K. Hyde, Technological Change and the British Iron Industry, 1700-1870 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1977), 62. [10] Wrigley, Energy and the English Industrial Revolution, 102-3. [11] Arthur Raistrick, Dynasty of Iron Founders: The Darbys and Coalbrookdale (Newton Abbot, UK: David & Charles, 1970), 176 [12] Lee, Evolution of Railways, 61. [13] Janet M. Hartley, Paul Keenan, và Dominic Lieven, eds.,Russia and the Napoleonic Wars (War, Culture and Society, 1750-1850) (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015), 53.
[14] Anthony Dawson, trao đổi cá nhân, ngày 25 tháng 2 năm 2016. [15] Francis Trevithick, Life of Richard Trevithick, with an Account of His Inventions, vol. 1 (London: E. & F. N. Spon, 1872), 63-64. [16] Ibid., 67ff. [17] Ibid., 73. [18] Burton, Richard Trevithick, 59. [19] Trevithick, Life of Richard Trevithick, vol. 1, 93. [20] Ibid., 63. [21] Roland Thorne, “Francis Basset,” DNB online. [22] Trevithick, Life of Richard Trevithick, vol. 1, 103. [23] H. W. Dickinson và Arthur Titley, Richard Trevithick: The Engineer and the Man (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1934), 46-47. [24] “Từ việc không nhận ra và không hiểu được những điểm yếu của đường sắt mà thí nghiệm của Trevithick đã chỉ ra rõ ràng hàng triệu bảng đã bị lãng phí trong việc tránh các đường nghiêng và đường cong trên đường sắt có thể dễ dàng đi qua với đầu máy và đoàn xe toa của nó.” Trevithick, Life of Richard Trevithick, vol. 1, 139. [25] Ibid., 107. [26] Dickinson và Titley, Richard Trevithick, 48. [27] Bằng sáng chế của Trevithick và Vivian năm 1802 được in lại đầy đủ trong Ibid., phụ lục 1, 269ff. [28] Ibid., 54. [29] Ibid., 57, trích dẫn góc nhìn của Vivian.
[30] Mùa thu 1803: không rõ ngày, nhưng có thể là tháng 5 hoặc tháng 6, có thể như Joan M. Eyles viết trong “William Smith, Richard Trevithick, and Samuel Homfray: Their Correspondence on Steam Engines, 1804-1806,”Transactions of the Newcomen Society 43, no. 1 (1970): 138, cũng không phải là tháng 1 năm 1803 như Francis Trevithick nói trong Life of Richard Trevithick, vol. 1, 144, vì động cơ và nồi hơi được vận chuyển đến London vào tháng 8 năm 1803. [31] Dickinson và Titley, Richard Trevithick, 57. [32] Trevithick, Life of Richard Trevithick, vol. 1, 144. [33] Dickinson và Titley, Richard Trevithick, 51. [34] Ibid., 57. [35] Burton, Richard Trevithick, 81. [36] Trevithick, Life of Richard Trevithick, vol. 1, 143-44. [37] Loughnan St. L. Pendred, “The Mystery of Trevithicks London Locomotives,” Transactions of the Newcomen Society1 (1922): 35. [38] Trevithick, Life of Richard Trevithick, vol. 1, 143. [39] Dickinson và Titley, Richard Trevithick, 60. [40] Ibid. [41] Ibid., 61. [42] Burton, Richard Trevithick, 87. [43] Stanley Mercer, “Trevithick and the Merthyr Tramroad,” Transactions of the Newcomen Society 26 (1953): 102. [44] Burton, Richard Trevithick, 89. Dickinson và Titley, Richard Trevithick, 63 tuổi, đặt cược cho Homfray và Anthony Hill, một thợ luyện
sắt khác, nhưng theo Burton, trên thực tế, Hill mới là người giữ tiền cược và là trọng tài. [45] Burton, Richard Trevithick, 89-90. [46] Ibid., 90-91. [47] Dickinson và Titley, Richard Trevithick, 64-65. [48] Burton, Richard Trevithick, 94. [49] Dickinson and Titley, Richard Trevithick, 67. [50] Arthur Titley, “Richard Trevithick and the Winding Engine,” Transactions of the Newcomen Society 10 (1929): 55-68, p. 61. [51] Dickinson và Titley, Richard Trevithick, 107. [52] Ibid., 109. [53] Ibid.
CHƯƠNG SÁU [1] Wrigley, Energy and the English Industrial Revolution,100. [2] Ibid., 111. [3] Ibid., 71. [4] From William Wordsworth, “Composed upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802.” [5] Dorothy Wordsworth’s Journals, vol. 6, 144. [6] Webb và Webb, English Local Government, 144. Nguyên văn in nghiêng. [7] Thomas de Quincey, “The Nation of London,”Autobiographic Sketches. Ch. 7. [8] Tám kiện vào năm 1784: Stephenson và Locke trong James Walker, Report to the Directors of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, on the Comparative Merits of Locomotive and Fixed Engines, as a Moving Power (with Stephenson, Robert, và Joseph Locke, Observations on the Comparative Merits of Locomotive and Fixed Engines, as Applied to Railways; và Booth, Henry, An Account of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway) (Philadelphia: Carey & Lea, 1831), 126. 53% vào năm 1806: Stanley Chapman, “British exports to the USA, 1776-1914: Organization and Strategy (3) Cottons and Printed Textiles,” table 2, 34. [9] Wrigley, Energy and the English Industrial Revolution, 36. [10] Galloway, Annals of Coal Mining, 304. [11] Smiles, Industrial Biography, 108. [12] Erasmus Darwin, The Botanic Garden, pt. 1, dòng 289-92. [13] The Papers of George Washington, Confederation Series, vol. 2, 18 July 1784-18 May 1785, ed. W. W. Abbot. Charlottesville: University
Press of Virginia, 1992, 425-29. [14] Wrigley, Energy and the English Industrial Revolution, 3. [15] Theo Tomlinson (1858) là năm 1800, như các nguồn sau này; nhưng theo William Thomas, Observations on Canals and Rail-Ways, Illustrative of the Agricultural and Commercial Advantages to bei Derivedfrom an Iron Rail-way, Adapted to Common Carriages, Between Newcastle, Hexham, and Carlisle (Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: G. Angus, 1825), nguồn mà Tomlinson tham khảo, thì đó là năm 1805. [16] Thomas, Observations on Canals and Rail-Ways, 10. [17] Ibid., 12. [18] Ibid., 18. [19] Ibid., 26. [20] Ibid., 28. [21] William H. Brown, The History of the First Locomotives in America from Original Documents and the Testimony of Living Witnesses (New York: D. Appleton, 1871), 37. [22] Lee, Evolution of Railways, 75. [23] Galloway, Annals of Coal Mining, 369-70. [24] Ibid., 382. [25] Ibid., 379. [26] Brown. History of the First Locomotives, 45. [27] Theo Thomas Summerside, Anecdotes, Reminiscences, and Conversations, of and with the Late George Stephenson, Father of Railways (London: Bemrose and sons, 1878), 2, là tháng 7, nhưng cả DNB
và w. o. Skeat, George Stephenson: The Engineer and His Letters (London: Học viện Kỹ sư Cơ khí, 1973), 13, đều ghi là tháng 6. [28] Summerside, Anecdotes, Reminiscences, and Conversations, of and with the Late George Stephenson, 2. [29] Ibid., 5. [30] L. T. c. Rolt, George and Robert Stephenson: The Railway Revolution (Stroud, UK: Amberley, 2016), 23-24. [31] Ibid., 24-25. [32] Lee, Evolution of Railways, 89; ngày 25 tháng 7 năm 1814: Summerside, Anecdotes, Reminiscences, and Conversations, of and with the Late George Stephenson, 8. [33] Galloway, Annals of Coal Mining, 384. [34] Samuel Smiles, The Life of George Stephenson, Railway Engineer. 3rd ed., rev. (London: John Murray, 1857), 86-87. [35] Christopher McGowan, The Rainhill Trials: The Greatest Contest of Industrial Britain and the Birth of Commercial Rail(London: Little, Brown, 2004), 320, n. 29. [36] Galloway, Annals of Coal Mining, 367. [37] Ibid., 444. [38] Robert Stevenson, “Report of a Proposed Railway from the Coalfield of Mid- Lothian to the City of Edinburgh” được trích dẫn đầy đủ trong